DHCP servers are responsible for automatically assigning IP addresses and configuration settings to devices connecting to a network.

SCADA systems are responsible for control and management of industrial machines, allowing visibility into device operations and enabling network-based management and control.

Refrigerators, ovens, smart speakers, and similar appliances connected to wireless networks are commonly categorized as Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

Log files from various network services are consolidated using syslog protocol and centralized databases such as SIEMs for easier administration and troubleshooting.

Load balancers distribute network traffic across multiple servers to ensure continuous uptime and availability.

A proxy server adds additional security to internet communications by sitting in the middle of a conversation, making requests to third-party services, examining responses for malicious content, and applying security controls.

Users typically authenticate to their local computer or VPN using a username and password, and the same authentication can be used across various network services.

Mail servers are responsible for sending and receiving emails and are often managed by IT departments or cloud-based services due to their critical nature.

File servers are centralized storage devices that allow users to store and access files from any device by using common protocols such as SMB for Windows and AFP for Mac OS.

The conversion process between a fully qualified domain name and an IP address is critical for communications because it enables precise routing of data to the correct destination.

Multiple authentication servers are used for redundancy to ensure continuous uptime and availability.

Mail gateways scan emails for spam and malware before they reach the internal network.

Next-generation firewalls and UTM devices consolidate security functions such as URL filtering and content inspection.

Organizations install proxy servers in their internet communications to add additional security by filtering responses for malicious content before sending them to end users.

A centralized authentication server is used to manage usernames and passwords for multiple services on the network.

IoT devices are often segmented onto their own network to provide additional security and limit access to these devices, ensuring they do not compromise the overall network security.

Web servers respond to browser requests and build web pages using protocols such as HTTP or HTTPS and languages such as HTML or HTML5.

An embedded system in a data center distinguishes itself by having limited access to the operating system, being purpose-built for specific services or applications.

VPN allows secure remote access to the network for people outside of the facility.

Managing spam messages involves raising security concerns for storage and database management.